With a high level of groundwater both at the stage of the pit, and for the operated facility, protection of the underground premises is necessary. Basement waterproofing can be carried out in several ways, each of which is effective only in certain cases. Therefore, before starting work, we will consider suitable options.
Waterproofing Methods
Work to protect structures and rooms from moisture requires vertical (wall) and horizontal (ceiling) waterproofing. For a private house, two options for the location of vertical waterproofing are used:
- waterproofing outside;
- processing from the inside out.
In some complex cases, both of these methods are applied simultaneously. The external method is most effective because it provides protection not only for rooms, but also for underground load-bearing structures. It has the following advantages:
- moisture penetration into the foundation structure is excluded;
- does not violate the interior decoration of the premises of the house;
- there is no decrease in internal volume.
Waterproofing the basement of an existing house from groundwater from the outside requires additional soil development, which increases the cost and complexity of the measures. With new construction, this complexity does not arise. According to regulatory documents, its arrangement is mandatory, but in private housing construction nobody checks compliance with building codes.
You can find out more about the device waterproofing the house from the premises in the article "Waterproofing the basement from the inside of the groundwater."
Materials for external insulation
The basement waterproofing device is carried out using:
- bituminous compositions;
- rolled bitumen materials;
- penetrating compounds;
- injection method.
Most often, coating and bituminous bituminous materials are used. These options allow you to carry out work with minimal financial costs.
Manufacturing jobs
Not all types of basement waterproofing can be performed without the involvement of specialists, however, in cases with plastering and pasting, you can do the work yourself.
Coating coating
It is carried out using bitumen mastics. This option has high adhesion and prevents contact of moisture and the foundations of the house. The method is suitable for preventing the penetration of capillary moisture. In this case, the hydrostatic pressure should not exceed 0.1 MPa. Otherwise, you need to choose a more effective method of protection.
Before proceeding directly to the coating, it is necessary to prepare the surface. In general, the work is performed in the following order:
- cleaning from dirt and dust;
- removal of irregularities and rounding of sharp protrusions;
- jointing cracks and joints between concrete blocks;
- sealing of expanded cracks and sinks in the wall with cement mortar;
- applying a special primer to the surface to increase adhesion;
- mixing the components of the composition;
- applying the first layer of mastic after heating the composition to the optimum temperature.
To prevent damage to the layer when shrinking the foundations of a new home, it is necessary to provide a reinforcing component. As a reinforcing layer, fiberglass or fiberglass is used, which is glued to the first coating layer.
Works on waterproofing foundations with mastic are carried out in 2-3 layers. Each of them is applied using vertical strokes.
Wraparound insulation
In this case, modern rolled materials are used. If possible, this method is better to replace with another, since the canvas can peel off from the foundation. Waterproofing is carried out using the following materials:
- roofing material;
- “Linocrom”;
- “Hydroisol”, etc.
They have a lower built-up surface, which, when heated, is able to adhere to the structures of the house. Heating is carried out using a special burner, after which the roll is unwound. The scope, as in the previous case, is limited by a water pressure of 0.1 MPa.
In addition to materials with a built-up layer, there are two more ways of attaching to the wall surface: with glue or bitumen mastic, as well as on a self-adhesive layer.
In areas with high heaving of the soil, it is necessary to additionally protect the glued surface with a layer of brick, concrete or insulation. It is this feature that limits the use of pasting on the outside.
Penetration insulation
Penetrating basement waterproofing is a relatively new technology in construction, but its application has the following advantages:
- safety, lack of toxicity;
- high efficiency - copes with groundwater pressure of more than 0.1 MPa;
- additional reinforcement of the foundation structure;
- high degree of penetration;
- long service life;
- unlimited scope;
- high adhesion with the processed surface.
The following compositions are used as materials for work:
- concrete mixes;
- liquid glass mixtures.
Liquid glass is a more modern type. The brands Penetron and Penecrit have established themselves on the market. There are several types of solutions for work:
- the most liquid - suitable for intact structures, applied by brush;
- medium mixture - used to repair old moisture-proof materials, applied with a spatula with a layer of 2 mm;
- thick mixture - used in conjunction with liquid solutions to fill the joints;
The procedure for working with liquid solutions is as follows:
- cleaning the surface from dirt, grease, stains, dust and other contaminants;
- mopping concrete;
- preparation of the composition according to the instructions on the package;
- the composition is applied with a wide brush;
- drying of the first layer within 2-6 hours;
- brushing the surface;
- applying a second layer.
Works on the decorative cladding of the basement are possible 3 weeks after processing the concrete.
If it is required to process cracks and seams, work is carried out in a different order:
- cleaning the structure and flushing it with water;
- jointing and broadening of cracks;
- plentiful moistening of a surface for processing;
- applying the first layer of a liquid solution of waterproofing;
- waiting for 2-6 hours;
- preparation of a thick mixture (the consistency should be similar to plasticine);
- applying the composition to joints and cracks;
- waiting for setting time (1 hour);
- processing the third layer in the form of a liquid solution.
If it is necessary to handle severe damage, fine gravel is additionally introduced into the solution. Most often, penetrating solutions are used in conjunction with roll materials.
External moisture protective measures are always carried out, additional internal work is necessary only with a high level of groundwater and their strong pressure.